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Hypertiroid

Pengertian

Hipertiroid adalah respon jaringan-jaringan tubuh terhadap pengaruh metabolik hormon tiroid yang berlebihan.Bentuk yang umum dari masalah ini adalah penyakit graves,sedangkan bentuk yang lain adalah toksik adenoma , tumor kelenjar hipofisis yang menimbulkan sekresi TSH meningkat,tiroditis subkutan dan berbagai bentuk kenker tiroid.


Etiologi

Lebih dari 95% kasus hipertiroid disebabkan oleh penyakit graves,suatu penyakit tiroid autoimun yang antibodinya merangsang sel-sel untuk menghasilkan hormone yang berlebihan.

Penyebab hipertiroid lainnya yang jarang selain penyakit graves adalah :
  • Toksisitas pada strauma multinudular
  • Adenoma folikular fungsional ,atau karsinoma(jarang)
  • Adema hipofisis penyekresi-torotropin (hipertiroid hipofisis)
  • Tomor sel benih, misal karsinoma (yang kadang dapat menghasilkan bahan mirip-TSH) atau teratoma (yang mengandung jarian tiroid fungsional)
  • Tiroiditis (baik tipe subkutan maupun hashimato)yang keduanya dapat berhubungan dengan hipertiroid sementara pada fase awal

Manisfestasi klinis

Pada stadium yang ringan sering tanpa keluhan. Demikian pula pada orang usia lanjut, lebih dari 70 tahun, gejala yang khas juga sering tidak tampak. Tergantung pada beratnya hipertiroid, maka keluhan bisa ringan sampai berat. Keluhan yang sering timbul antara lain adalah :
  • Kecemasan,ansietas,insomnia,dan tremor halus
  • Penurunan berat badan walaupun nafsu makan baik
  • Intoleransi panas dan banyak keringat
  • Papitasi,takikardi,aritmia jantung,dan gagal jantung,yang dapat terjadi akibat efek tiroksin pada sel-sel miokardium
  • Amenorea dan infertilitas
  • Kelemahan otot,terutama pada lingkar anggota gerak ( miopati proksimal)
  • Osteoporosis disertai nyeri tulang.


Sumber : http://kamus-kesehatan.blogspot.com
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