Illeus Obstruksi

A. DEFINISI

Obstruksi Illeus adalah gangguan aliran normal isi usus sepanjang saluran usus. Selvia A Price, Patologi)

B. ETIOLOGI

Penyebab terjadinya Obstruksi Illeus, antara lain :

Kondisi traumatic, terutama setelah fraktur iga dan fraktur tulang belakang.
Perlekatan karena pembedahan sebelumnya, sekitar 50 % terjadi pada usia pertengahan dan orang tua
Tumor ganas
Volvulus (usus yang terpelintir), paling sering terjadi pada pria tua dan biasanya mengenai kolon sigmoid
Hernia inguinalis atau femoralis
Benda asing, sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak
Kelainan konginetal.

C. TANDA DAN GEJALA

Gejala – gejala penting dari obstruksi Illeus adalah :

Nyeri daerah umbilicus
Muntah, sering terjadi bila obstruksi pada usus halus bagian atas
Konstipasi absolut dan peregangan abdomen.

D. PATOFISIOLOGI

Volvulus yang menjadi penyebab obstruksi illeus secara progesif akan teregang oleh cairan dan gas akibat peningkatan tekanan intralumen, yang menurunkan pengaliran air dan natrium dari lumen usus ke darah. Oleh karena sekitar 8 literr cairan diekskresi ke dalam saluran cerna setiap hari, tidak adanya absorbsi mengakibatkan penimbunan di intralumen dengan cepat. Muntah dan penyedotan usus setelah pengobatan dimulai merupakan sumber kehilangan utama cairan dan elektrolit.

Pengaruh atas kehilangan ini adalah penciutan ruang, cairan ekstrasel yang mengakibatkan syok-hipotensi, penurunan curah jantung, penurunan perfusi jaringan dan asiidosis metabolic. Peregangan usus yang terus menerus mengakibatkan penurunan absorbsi cairan dan peningkatan sekresi cairan ke dalam usus. Efek local peregangan usus adalah iskemia akibat distensi dan peningkatan permebialitas akibat nekrsosis, distensi absorbsi toksin-toksin bakteri ke dalam rongga peritoneum dan sirkulasi sistemik.

E. PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG

Laboratorium
Peningkatan kadar Haemoglobin (indikasi dari dehidrasi), leukositosis, peningkatan PCO2 / asidosis metabolik
Rontgen abdomen
Sigmoidescopy
Colonoscopy
Radiogram barium

F. PENATALAKSANAAN

Koreksi keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit
Intubasi dan dekompresi untuk menghilangkan peregangan dan muntah
Pembedahan

Comments

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium (synovitis) secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development of pannus in the synovium. The pathology of the disease process often leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can also produce diffuse inflammation in the lungs, pericardium, pleura, and sclera, and also nodular lesions, most common in subcutaneous tissue. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, autoimmunity plays a pivotal role in both its chronicity and progression, and RA is considered a systemic autoimmune disease. Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Acute Pain / Chronic related to distention of tissue by the accu...

Appendicitis - Healing Acute Pain

Acute appendicitis is defined as the acute inflammation of the appendix. It is considered to be the most common cause of abdominal pain and distress in children and teenagers worldwide (ages 4-15). The appendix is a channel in its interior that communicates with the large intestine where feces semifluidas. The appendix is a small pouch attached to your large intestine. It is thought that appendicitis begins when the opening from the appendix into the cecum becomes blocked. The blockage may be due to a build-up of thick mucus within the appendix or to stool that enters the appendix from the cecum. When the appendix is blocked by calculus and feces or it is squeezed by the lymph nodes (due to bacterial infection, the lymph nodes usually become swollen and press against the appendix), it swells and usually doesn't receive enough blood. Bacteria grow inside the appendix, eventually causing its death. In acute appendicitis, the inflammation of the appendix is seriou...

Nanda Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2010 -2011

NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2007-2008 contains 188 nursing diagnosis, latest NANDA-I Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2009-2011 contains an additional 21 new nursing diagnosis, 9 revisions diagnosis and some of diagnosis are not used again. Total nursing diagnosis at this time is 205 nursing diagnosis. Nanda I usually revised every 2 years, but this time NANDA I publish a list of NANDA Nursing Diagnosis for period of three years. for complete list of NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2009-2011, Source : Nanda - Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2010 -2011 : http://ncp-blog.blogspot.com/2010/11/nanda-approved-nursing-diagnosis-2010.html Related Articles

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN

Search This Blog