ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN

Mental Health Nursing Care for the Elderly Every year the definition of elderly changes, but maybe its fair to talk about the age of 65 as being the start of elderly. While this definition is somewhat arbitrary, it is many times associated with the age at which one can begin to receive pension benefits. At the moment, there is no United Nations standard numerical criterion, but the UN agreed cutoff is 60+ years to refer to the older population. Elderly mental health care is an important issue that affects almost one in every five American adults who are in fact known to be affected by some form of mental illness or the other. These mental illnesses include suffering from dementia and psychosis, delirium as well as depression and schizophrenia. Elderly mental health care today suffers from many lacunae and among these lacunae is the fact the majority of elders suffering from mental ailments shirk from getting them treated. It is commonly found that such elders will ...

Acute appendicitis is defined as the acute inflammation of the appendix. It is considered to be the most common cause of abdominal pain and distress in children and teenagers worldwide (ages 4-15). The appendix is a channel in its interior that communicates with the large intestine where feces semifluidas. The appendix is a small pouch attached to your large intestine. It is thought that appendicitis begins when the opening from the appendix into the cecum becomes blocked. The blockage may be due to a build-up of thick mucus within the appendix or to stool that enters the appendix from the cecum. When the appendix is blocked by calculus and feces or it is squeezed by the lymph nodes (due to bacterial infection, the lymph nodes usually become swollen and press against the appendix), it swells and usually doesn't receive enough blood. Bacteria grow inside the appendix, eventually causing its death. In acute appendicitis, the inflammation of the appendix is seriou...

Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland. The surgical procedure of thyroidectomy involves a partial or a complete removal of the thyroid (a gland, which is located in front of the lower neck, just above the trachea). The gland is formed by two cone-like lobes or wings (lobus dexter (right lobe) and lobus sinister (left lobe), and attached by a middle part (isthmus). The surgery may be recommended for a variety of conditions including: An overactive thyroid gland that produces extremely high levels of thyroid hormones A growth (nodule or cyst) associated with the thyroid gland Cancer of the thyroid A small thyroid growth Malignant (cancerous) thyroid tumors Benign (noncancerous) tumors of the thyroid that are causing symptoms An enlarged thyroid gland (nontoxic goiter) that makes it hard for you to breathe or swallow. Indications for Thyroidectomy: A large goiter that is unlikely to react anti-thyroid drugs, may require surgery of the thyroid gland, to...

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histologic diagnosis characterized by proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate. Cellular accumulation and gland enlargement may result from epithelial and stromal proliferation, impaired preprogrammed cell death (apoptosis), or both. BPH is considered a normal part of the aging process in men and is hormonally dependent on testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production. An estimated 50% of men demonstrate histopathologic BPH by age 60 years. This number increases to 90% by age 85 years. Assessment 1. Circulation: increased blood pressure (the effect of kidney enlargement) 2. Elimination: decrease the power / boost the flow of urine. urinary hesitancy early. inability to empty the bladder nocturia, dysuria and hematuria. recurrent UTI, (stetis urine) constipation mass in the abdomen below. tenderness of the bladder hernia ingiunalis 3. Food and fluid : anorexia nausea vomiting weight loss. ...

Hyperthermia occurs when the body absorbs heat more than it can release. Excessively elevated body temperatures are considered medical emergency as it may life-threatening that can cause permanent disability and even death. Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Hyperthermia can also be deliberately induced using drugs or medical devices and may be used in the treatment of some kinds of cancer and other conditions, most commonly in conjunction with radiotherapy. Fever is one of the most common medical signs and is characterized by an elevation of body temperature above the normal range of 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F) due to an increase in the temperature regulatory set-point. This increase in set-point triggers increased muscle tone and chills. A fever is usually accompanied by sickness behavior, which consists of lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness, hype...

NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2007-2008 contains 188 nursing diagnosis, latest NANDA-I Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2009-2011 contains an additional 21 new nursing diagnosis, 9 revisions diagnosis and some of diagnosis are not used again. Total nursing diagnosis at this time is 205 nursing diagnosis. Nanda I usually revised every 2 years, but this time NANDA I publish a list of NANDA Nursing Diagnosis for period of three years. for complete list of NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2009-2011, Source : Nanda - Approved Nursing Diagnosis 2010 -2011 : http://ncp-blog.blogspot.com/2010/11/nanda-approved-nursing-diagnosis-2010.html Related Articles

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium (synovitis) secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development of pannus in the synovium. The pathology of the disease process often leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can also produce diffuse inflammation in the lungs, pericardium, pleura, and sclera, and also nodular lesions, most common in subcutaneous tissue. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, autoimmunity plays a pivotal role in both its chronicity and progression, and RA is considered a systemic autoimmune disease. Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Acute Pain / Chronic related to distention of tissue by the accu...

3 Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia and Nursing Interventions for Pneumonia 1. Nursing Diagnosis Knowledge Deficit : about the condition and the need for action Related to: Less exposed to information Less to remember Misinterpretation Possible evidenced by: Requests for information Statement of misconception Repeat mistakes Expected outcomes are: Stated understanding of disease processes and treatment conditions Do changes in lifestyle Nursing Interventions for Pneumonia : Review of normal lung function Discuss aspects of the inability of the disease, duration of healing and hope of recovery Provide written and verbal form Emphasize the importance of continuing effective cough Emphasize the need to continue antibiotic therapy for the recommended period. 2. Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia : Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit Risk factors: Excessive loss of fluids (fever, sweating, hyperventilation, vomiting) Expect...

Article Summary: While previously people largely depended on medical treatment to cure an alcoholic or drug addict back to normal lifestyle, nowadays it's more about compassion, care and understanding. (c) P. Andrews Searching for a good rehab center that can help your loved and dear ones to get back to a normal lifestyle? If you or any of your associate is caught in the destructive trap of drug addiction, there are many quality rehab centers where trained professionals comprising of interventionist, doctors, staffs etc. are always ready to help you recover successfully. However as there are lots of rehab organizations available nowadays, it sometimes become tough to select the best one to bank on. While previously people largely depended on medical treatment to cure an alcoholic or drug addict back to normal lifestyle, nowadays it's more about compassion, care and understanding. Studies and surveys have revealed that to cure an addict back to his normal and hap...

If you want to understand how to stop panic attacks naturally then it sounds like you are planning to go the self help option instead of making use of prescription drugs to manage your anxiety and panic. Anxiety attacks can be halted and there are incredible all natural means of accomplishing this. Panic and anxiety attacks start off in the brain and they are created in the area of the brain referred to as amygdala. This really is rather like a switch that turns anxiety and off. Controlling the amygdala is the vital thing to mastering precisely how to cease panic and anxiety attacks naturally. Panic and anxiety believe it or not accomplish a useful purpose as their function is to alert you of approaching threat so that you can do something to assure your own survival. This process is named the fight or flight response. Panic and anxiety symptoms happen once this process becomes too easily induced due to over excitement of this response. The good news is that panic attacks and anxi...

Article Summary: Choosing the best among all is the attribute of an wise individual. (c) William Richards For a secured future for those who lives in a fixed income structure, to get a Medicare supplement insurance policy is wise enough to avoid any financial chaos in the coming days. By this one can be assured that any kind of medical complication will not be able to trammel their life devastatingly as Medicare supplemental insurance policies protects against any financial limitations. There are several private health care insurance companies which renders around 14 Medicare supplemental insurance plans, from where an individual can choose the plan which suites best for him and his needs and the individual can get plenteous information on the official Medicare websites or even can gather information from the websites of different Medicare insurance companies. While an individual is going for any Medicare supplemental insurance policy the most important thing tha...

Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan Diabetes Mellitus Pengkajian Riwayat Kesehatan Keluarga Adakah keluarga yang menderita penyakit seperti klien ? Riwayat Kesehatan Pasien dan Pengobatan Sebelumnya Berapa lama klien menderita DM, bagaimana penanganannya, mendapat terapi insulin jenis apa, bagaimana cara minum obatnya apakah teratur atau tidak, apa saja yang dilakukan klien untuk menanggulangi penyakitnya. Aktivitas/ Istirahat : Letih, Lemah, Sulit Bergerak / berjalan, kram otot, tonus otot menurun. Sirkulasi Adakah riwayat hipertensi,AMI, klaudikasi, kebas, kesemutan pada ekstremitas, ulkus pada kaki yang penyembuhannya lama, takikardi, perubahan tekanan darah Integritas Ego Stress, ansietas Eliminasi Perubahan pola berkemih ( poliuria, nokturia, anuria ), diare Makanan / Cairan Anoreksia, mual muntah, tidak mengikuti diet, penurunan berat badan, haus, penggunaan diuretik. Neurosensori Pusing, sakit kepala, kesemutan, kebas kelemahan pada otot, ...

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA ANAK DENGAN DHF Pengkajian Pengkajian merupakan tahap awal yang dilakukan perawat untuk mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan sebelum melakukan asuhan keperawatan . pengkajian pada pasien dengan “ DHF ” dapat dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, pengukuran, dan pemeriksaan fisik. Adapun tahapan-tahapannya meliputi : Mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber yang potensial dan tersedia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasien. Kaji riwayat keperawatan. Kaji adanya peningkatan suhu tubuh ,tanda-tanda perdarahan, mual, muntah, tidak nafsu makan, nyeri ulu hati, nyeri otot dan sendi, tanda-tanda syok (denyut nadi cepat dan lemah, hipotensi, kulit dingin dan lembab terutama pada ekstrimitas, sianosis, gelisah, penurunan kesadaran). Diagnosa keperawatan yang Muncul Hipertermi berhubungan dengan proses infeksi virus dengue. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan mual, muntah, tidak ada nafsu makan. Intervensi Diagnosa 1. : Gangguan volume cair...

Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan Benigna Prostat Hipertropi (BPH) A. Pengkajian Data subyektif : Pasien mengeluh sakit pada luka insisi. Pasien mengatakan tidak bisa melakukan hubungan seksual. Pasien selalu menanyakan tindakan yang dilakukan. Pasien mengatakan buang air kecil tidak terasa. Data Obyektif : Terdapat luka insisi Takikardi Gelisah Tekanan darah meningkat Ekspresi w ajah ketakutan Terpasang kateter B. Diagnosa Keperawatan yang Mungkin Muncul Gangguan rasa nyaman : nyeri berhubungan dengan spasme otot spincter Kurang pengetahuan : tentang TUR-P berhubungan dengan kurang informasi Gangguan pola tidur berhubungan dengan nyeri / efek pembedahan C. Intervensi Diagnosa Keperawatan 1. : Gangguan rasa nyaman : nyeri berhubungan dengan spasme otot spincter Tujuan : Setelah dilakukan perawatan selama 3-5 hari pasien mampu mempertahankan derajat kenyamanan secara adekuat. Kriteria hasil : Secara verbal pasien mengungkapkan nyeri berkurang atau hilan...

Diagnosa Keperawatan Yang Muncul Pola nafas tidak efektif b/d tidak adekuatnya ekspansi paru Gangguan pertukaran gas b/d kurangnya ventilasi alveolar sekunder terhadap defisiensi surfaktan Resiko tinggi gangguan keseimbangan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit b/d ketidakmampuan ginjal mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan tidak adekuatnya persediaan zat besi, kalsium, metabolisme yang tinggi dan intake yang kurang adekuat. Intervensi Diagnosa Keperawatan 1 : Pola nafas tidak efektif b/d tidak adekuatnya ekspansi paru Tujuan : Pola nafas yang efektif Kriteria Hasil : Kebutuhan oksigen menurun Nafas spontan, adekuat Tidak sesak. Tidak ada retraksi Intervensi Berikan posisi kepala sedikit ekstensi Berikan oksigen dengan metode yang sesuai Observasi irama, kedalaman dan frekuensi pernafasan Diagnosa Keperawatan 2 : Gangguan pertukaran gas b/d kurangnya ventilasi alveolar sekunder terhadap defisiensi surfakt...

Kenapa susah buang air besar terutama saat berpuasa, pertanyaan ini sering dilontarkan pada saya. Susah buang air besar atau disebut Konstipasi / Constipation adalah keadaan dimana kotoran atau faeces mengalami pengerasan sehingga sulit dibuang. Bisa juga pada saat buang air besar terasa sakit sekali. Ada beberapa penyebab yang mengakibatkan konstipasi diantaranya adalah perubahan pola makan , akibat efek samping obat obatan, hormonal atau akibat adanya kelainan anatomis pada saluran pencernaan. Pada saat puasa konstipasi cenderung meningkat disebabkan beberapa faktor: 1. Saat berpuasa, terjadi kecenderungan kurang gerak, ini akan membuat pergerakan pencernaan kurang baik. Solusinya perlu dilakukan olah raga ringan seperti jalan kaki. 2. Sering terjadi kurang minum air putih. Kekurangan air pada tubuh dapat mengakibatkan konstipasi. Secara normal, tubuh kita memerlukan minum enam sampai delapan gelas atau sekitar 1,5 liter sehari. Solusinya banyakin minum air pa...

Pada tahun 1992 di Roma, Italia diadakan Kongres Gizi Internasional yang merekomendasikan agar setiap negara menyusun Pedoman Umum Gizi Seimbang (PUGS) untuk menghasilkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang andal. Oleh karena itu Indonesia melalui Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat, Departemen Kesehatan (Depkes) membuat pedoman umum gizi seimbang dengan logo yang berbentuk kerucut atau tumpeng yang terdiri dari 3 tingkat, yaitu : tingkat dasar menggambarkan sumber zat tenaga, yaitu padi-padian, umbi-umbian, dan tepung-tepungan; tingkat kedua diisi kelompok makanan sumber zat pengatur, yaitu sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan; serta puncak tumpeng berisi kelompok makanan sumber zat pembangun, yaitu gabungan makanan hewani (termasuk susu) dan nabati. Dengan melihat perkembangan yang ada maka Depkes pada tahun 2002 telah merampungkan revisi terhadap UPGS tahun 1994. Bentuk logo PUGS tahun 2002 tetap dipertahankan atau sama dengan tahun 1994, yaitu kerucut atau ...

4 sehat 5 sempurna diciptakan pada tahun 1950-an oleh Prof. Poerwo Soedarmo yang sering disebut juga sebagai Bapak Gizi Indonesia. Slogan "Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna" berisikan lima kelompok makanan, yaitu: (1) makanan pokok, (2) lauk-pauk, (3) sayur-sayuran, (4) buah-buahan, dan (5) susu. Kelima kelompok makanan ini dituangkan dalam suatu logo berbentuk lingkaran yang menempatkan kelompok makanan 1 sampai dengan 4 di sisi dalam lingkaran mengelilingi kelompok ke-5, yaitu susu, di bagian tengah. Karena ada kesan perbedaan mengenai susu, maka kemudian ada upaya untuk merubah kesan tersebut, sehingga pada tahun 1991 Departemen Kesehatan menerbitkan buku Pedoman Menyusun Menu Sehat Bergizi untuk Keluarga: 4 Sehat - 5 Sempurna, dengan logo yang telah mengalami perubahan. Jadi golongan makanan disusun dalam lingkaran dan terdiri dari lima belahan (menurut arah putaran jarum jam): (1) makanan pokok, (2) sayur-sayuran, (3) susu, (4) buah-buahan, dan ...

Ini adalah berita gembira bagi para netters dan bloggers pada umumnya sekaligus bagi para lanjut usia ( lansia ) khususnya. Karena dengan mengakses internet, kita tidak hanya dapat mengetahui informasi tetapi dengan surfing di dunia maya ini, dapat membantu untuk memperbaiki dan melatih fungsi otak. Dan ini, khususnya bagi lansia, dapat mencegah pikun ( dementia ) yang seringkali mengancam orang lanjut usia, karena dengan mengakses internet berarti kita sudah melakukan atau melibatkan otak dalam sebuah aktivitas yang cukup rumit sehingga fungsi otak tetap dapat dipertahankan. Dengan surfing di internet, ibaratnya kita seperti membaca sebuah buku, sehingga bagian otak yang berfungsi untuk pengendalian bahasa, pengendalian daya ingat dan daya visual akan ikut bekerja, bahkan menambahkan aktivitas tambahan bagi otak yaitu untuk pengendalian keputusan dan pertimbangan. Ini yang membedakannya dengan membaca, karena bila kita surfing di internet maka kita akan dihadapkan dengan be...

Diabetes dan Komplikasi yang Ditimbulkan Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang memiliki komplikasi (menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit lain) yang paling banyak. Hal ini berkaitan dengan kadar gula darah yang tinggi secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada pembuluh darah, saraf dan organ tubuh lainnya. Penderita diabetes bisa mengalami berbagai komplikasi jangka panjang jika diabetesnya tidak dikelola dengan baik. Komplikasi yang lebih sering terjadi dan mematikan adalah serangan jantung dan stroke. Selain itu komplikasi lain yang mungkin terjadi adalah kerusakan pada pembuluh darah di retina mata (retinopati diabetikum) yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan, kelainan pada fungsi ginjal yang bisa menyebabkan gagal ginjal sehingga penderita harus menjalani cuci darah (hemodialisa) dan kerusakan pada saraf yang menyebabkan kulit lebih sering mengalami cedera. Selain itu luka/infeksi pada penderita diabetes biasanya berjalan lambat penyembuhannya karena kadar gula ...