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Melihat fenomena gunung krakatau abad silam

Saat itu pukul 10.20 WIB satu seperempat abad yang lalu, 1883, sebuah gunung berapi meletus di Selat Sunda. Gunung Krakatau (orang barat menyebutnya Krakatoa) yang saat itu menjuntai di Pulau Krakatau memuntahkan amarahnya dengan kekuatan setara 200 megaton TNT. Asal tahu saja, jumlah TNT sebesar itu setara dengan 13,000 kali Little Boy, bom atom yang meremukkan Hiroshima di Jepang pada 1945. Benar-benar dahsyat.


Kedahsyatan ledakkan Krakatau bisa dilihat juga dari jumlah korban tewas. Sebanyak 36,417 orang meregang nyawa karena amuknya, 165 permukiman hilang dari permukaan bumi, dan 132 desa luluh lantak porak poranda. Letusan Krakatau juga memicu terjadinya tsunami yang terasa hingga Hawaii dan pantai barat Amerika, sebuah jarak yang bagi banyak orang belum pernah terbayangkan sebelumnya karena saking jauhnya. Kapal yang sedang berada di Afrika Selatan konon sampai terhempas gara-gara tsunami yang bersumber dari ujung Pulau Jawa ini.


Ada lagi rekor yang dibuat Krakatau: suara ledakkan terdengar sampai Perth di sebelah Timur yang berjarak 3,110 kilometer dan di sisi barat penduduk di Rodrigues, dekat Mauritius yang berjarak 5,000 kilometer bisa mendengar “desahan” Krakatau. Ini berarti sekitar seperdelapan penduduk planet bumi bisa mendengar Krakatau sedang mengamuk dahsyat.


Usai ledakan, planet ini sempat gelap tertutup abu vulaknis yang menutupi atmosfer. Sinar mentari tidak mampu menembus tebalnya debu yang beterbangan. Asal tahu saja, Krakatau memuntahkan 25 kilometer kubik batu dan abu ke udara. Wah, seperti mau kiamat dong…




Foto yang menghiasi lema ini adalah dari Illustrated London News yang terbit pada 8 September 1883 (Anda bisa membeli replika halaman depan koran itu seharga 184 dollar di Amazon). Sementara itu pada 1927 sebuah gunung “menjebul” lahir dari bekas lokasi Gunung Krakatau. Dia dinamakan Anak Krakatau.

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